Delivering High Quality Pipes & Tubes in API 5L, ASTM A335, A691, A213, A358, A312, A671, SA179, SA192, SA210, A333, SA334, B463, B444 etc.
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API 5L Specification | API 5L 45th Edition

API 5L Pipe Specification | Grade X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65 - Pipes in Seamless / Welded / ERW / LSAW / HSAW / DSAW etc.

API 5L seamless & welded pipe

API 5L Specification | API 5L Pipes X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65 etc. in Seamless and Welded Form.

API 5L X42 Pipe | API 5L X46 Pipe | API 5L X52 Pipe | API 5L X56 Pipe | API 5L X60 Pipe | API 5L X65 Pipe in PSL-1 and PSL-2.

Savoy Piping Inc., stocks API 5L pipe in grades B and X42 – X120.

Scope

ANSI / API 5L specifies the manufacture of two product levels (PSL1 and PSL2) of Seamless and Welded steel pipe for the use of a pipeline in the transportation of petroleum and natural gas. for material use in a sour service application, refer to Annex H; for offshore service application, refer to Annex J of API 5L 45th Edition.

API 5L General Information

The API 5L specification provides standards for pipe suitable for use in conveying gas, water, and oil in the natural gas and oil industries. The API SPEC 5L Covers Seamless and Welded steel line pipe. It includes plain-end, threaded-end, and belled-end pipe, as well as through-the-flowline (TFL) pipe, and pipe with ends prepared for use with special couplings.

Pipe manufactured to ASTM106 Grade A or B are not interchangable with API 5L. Requirements to API 5L X grades are more stringent; rolled grades are not acceptable and rework is not allowed. Moreover, particular attention is given to toughness and toughness tests for sour services and higher pressure & temperature classes.

Strength Levels & Desulphurization

Manganese sulphides are typical inclusions in all manganese alloyed steels. Because they tend to segregate resulting in reduced impact strength, sulphure content needs to be minimized. We specify maximum 0.007%.

API 5L Benefits & Applications



  • Gas, water and oil transportation - preferred in long pipelines due to inexpensiveness
  • Pipeline steel - resistance to crack propogation
  • Line Pipe / Sour Service Line Pipes

API Standard Specification for Line Pipe

The American Petroleum Institute specification API 5L addressesSeamless and Welded steel line pipe for pipeline transportation systems in the petroleum and natural gas industries. API 5L is suitable for conveying gas, water, and oil.

Specifications for API 5L adhere to the International Organization for Standardization ISO 3183, standardizing pipeline transportation systems within the materials, equipment and offshore structures for natural gas, petroleum, and petrochemical industries. When authoring the standards, the technical committee recognized that there are two basic Product Specifications Levels (PSL) of technical requirements and therefore developed PSL 1 and PSL 2. PSL 1 is a standard quality for line pipe where PSL 2 contains additional chemical, mechanical properties, and testing requirements.

Grades covered by this specification are A25, A, B and "X" Grades X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70, and X80. The two digit number following the "X" indicates the Minimum Yield Strength (in 000's psi) of pipe produced to this grade.

Process

Ingots, blooms, billets, coils or plates used for the manufacture of pipe shall be made via basic oxygen, electric furnace or open hearth in combination with a ladle refining process. for PSL2, the steel shall be killed and melted according to a fine grain practice. Coil or plate used for PSL2 pipe shall not contain any repair welds.

Delivery condition

PSL Delivery Condition Pipe grade
PSL1 As-rolled, normalized, normalizing formed A
As-rolled, normalizing rolled, thermomechanical rolled, thermo-mechanical formed, normalizing formed, normalized, normalized and tempered or if agreed Q&T SMLS only B
As-rolled, normalizing rolled, thermomechanical rolled, thermo-mechanical formed, normalizing formed, normalized, normalized and tempered X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70
PSL 2 As-rolled BR, X42R
Normalizing rolled, normalizing formed, normalized or normalized and tempered BN, X42N, X46N, X52N, X56N, X60N
Quenched and tempered BQ, X42Q, X46Q, X56Q, X60Q, X65Q, X70Q, X80Q, X90Q, X100Q
Thermomechanical rolled or thermomechanical formed BM, X42M, X46M, X56M, X60M, X65M, X70M, X80M
Thermomechanical rolled X90M, X100M, X120M
The suffice (R, N, Q or M) for PSL2 grades, belongs to the steel grade

Chemical requirements

Chemical Composition for PSL 1 pipe with t ≤ 0.984”

Steel Grade Mass fraction, % based on heat and product analyses a,g
C Mn P S V Nb Ti
max b max b max max max max max
Seamless Pipe
A 0.22 0.9 0.3 0.3 – – –
B 0.28 1.2 0.3 0.3 c,d c,d d
X42 0.28 1.3 0.3 0.3 d d d
X46 0.28 1.4 0.3 0.3 d d d
X52 0.28 1.4 0.3 0.3 d d d
X56 0.28 1.4 0.3 0.3 d d d
X60 0.28 e 1.40 e 0.3 0.3 f f f
X65 0.28 e 1.40 e 0.3 0.3 f f f
X70 0.28 e 1.40 e 0.3 0.3 f f f
Welded Pipe
A 0.22 0.9 0.3 0.3 – – –
B 0.26 1.2 0.3 0.3 c,d c,d d
X42 0.26 1.3 0.3 0.3 d d d
X46 0.26 1.4 0.3 0.3 d d d
X52 0.26 1.4 0.3 0.3 d d d
X56 0.26 1.4 0.3 0.3 d d d
X60 0.26 e 1.40 e 0.3 0.3 f f f
X65 0.26 e 1.45 e 0.3 0.3 f f f
X70 0.26e 1.65 e 0.3 0.3 f f f
a. Cu ≤ = 0.50% Ni; ≤ 0.50%; Cr ≤ 0.50%; and Mo ≤ 0.15%,
b. for each reduction of 0.01% below the specified max. concentration for carbon, and increase of 0.05% above the specified max. concentration for Mn is permissible, up to a max. of 1.65% for grades ≥ B, but ≤ = X52; up to a max. of 1.75% for grades > X52, but < X70; and up to a maximum of 2.00% for X70.,
c. Unless otherwise agreed NB + V ≤ 0.06%,
d. Nb + V + TI ≤ 0.15%,
e. Unless otherwise agreed.,
f. Unless otherwise agreed, NB + V = Ti ≤ 0.15%,
g. No deliberate addition of B is permitted and the residual B ≤ 0.001%

Chemical Composition for PSL 2 pipe with t ≤ 0.984”

Steel Grade Mass fraction, % based on heat and product analyses Carbon Equiv a
C Si Mn P S V Nb Ti Other CE IIW CE Pcm
max b max max b max max max max max max max
Seamless and Welded Pipe
BR 0.24 0.4 1.2 0.025 0.015 c c 0.04 e,l 0.043 0.25
X42R 0.24 0.4 1.2 0.025 0.015 0.06 0.05 0.04 e,l 0.043 0.25
BN 0.24 0.4 1.2 0.025 0.015 c c 0.04 e,l 0.043 0.25
X42N 0.24 0.4 1.2 0.025 0.015 0.06 0.05 0.04 e,l 0.043 0.25
X46N 0.24 0.4 1.4 0.025 0.015 0.07 0.05 0.04 d,e,l 0.043 0.25
X52N 0.24 0.45 1.4 0.025 0.015 0.1 0.05 0.04 d,e,l 0.043 0.25
X56N 0.24 0.45 1.4 0.025 0.015 0.10f 0.05 0.04 d,e,l 0.043 0.25
X60N 0.24f 0.45f 1.40f 0.025 0.015 0.10f 0.05f 0.04f g,h,l As agreed
BQ 0.18 0.45 1.4 0.025 0.015 0.05 0.05 0.04 e,l 0.043 0.25
X42Q 0.18 0.45 1.4 0.025 0.015 0.05 0.05 0.04 e,l 0.043 0.25
X46Q 0.18 0.45 1.4 0.025 0.015 0.05 0.05 0.04 e,l 0.043 0.25
X52Q 0.18 0.45 1.5 0.025 0.015 0.05 0.05 0.04 e,l 0.043 0.25
X56Q 0.18 0.45f 1.5 0.025 0.015 0.07 0.05 0.04 e,l 0.043 0.25
X60Q 0.18f 0.45f 1.70f 0.025 0.015 g g g h,l 0.043 0.25
X65Q 0.18f 0.45f 1.70f 0.025 0.015 g g g h,l 0.043 0.25
X70Q 0.18f 0.45f 1.80f 0.025 0.015 g g g h,l 0.043 0.25
X80Q 0.18f 0.45f 1.90f 0.025 0.015 g g g i,j As agreed
X90Q 0.16f 0.45f 1.9 0.02 0.01 g g g j,k As agreed
X100Q 0.16f 0.45f 1.9 0.02 0.01 g g g j,k As agreed
Welded Pipe
BM 0.22 0.45 1.2 0.025 0.015 0.05 0.05 0.04 e,l 0.043 0.25
X42M 0.22 0.45 1.3 0.025 0.015 0.05 0.05 0.04 e,l 0.043 0.25
X46M 0.22 0.45 1.3 0.025 0.015 0.05 0.05 0.04 e,l 0.043 0.25
X52M 0.22 0.45 1.4 0.025 0.015 d d d e,l 0.043 0.25
X56M 0.22 0.45f 1.4 0.025 0.015 d d d e,l 0.043 0.25
X60M 0.12f 0.45f 1.60f 0.025 0.015 g g g h,l 0.043 0.25
X65M 0.12f 0.45f 1.60f 0.025 0.015 g g g h,l 0.043 0.25
X70M 0.12f 0.45f 1.70f 0.025 0.015 g g g h,l 0.043 0.25
X80M 0.12f 0.45f 1.85f 0.025 0.015 g g g i,j .043f 0.25
X90M 0.1 0.55f 2.10f 0.02 0.01 g g g i,j – 0.25
X100M 0.1 0.55f 2.10f 0.02 0.01 g g g i,j – 0.25
a. SMLS t>0.787”, CE limits shall be as agreed. The CEIIW limits applied fi C > 0.12% and the CEPcm limits apply if C ≤ 0.12%,
b. for each reduction of 0.01% below the specified max. concentration for carbon, and increase of 0.05% above the specified max. concentration for Mn is permissible, up to a max. of 1.65% for grades ≥ B, but ≤ = X52; up to a max. of 1.75% for grades > X52, but < X70; and up to a maximum of 2.00% for X70.,
c. Unless otherwise agreed Nb = V ≤ 0.06%,
d. Nb = V = Ti ≤ 0.15%,
e. Unless otherwise agreed, Cu ≤ 0.50%; Ni ≤ 0.30% Cr ≤ 0.30% and Mo ≤ 0.15%,
f. Unless otherwise agreed,
g. Unless otherwise agreed, Nb + V + Ti ≤ 0.15%,
h. Unless otherwise agreed, Cu ≤ 0.50% Ni ≤ 0.50% Cr ≤ 0.50% and MO ≤ 0.50%,
i. Unless otherwise agreed, Cu ≤ 0.50% Ni ≤ 1.00% Cr ≤ 0.50% and MO ≤ 0.50%,
j. B ≤ 0.004%,
k. Unless otherwise agreed, Cu ≤ 0.50% Ni ≤ 1.00% Cr ≤ 0.55% and MO ≤ 0.80%,
l. for all PSL 2 pipe grades except those grades with footnotes j noted, the following applies. Unless otherwise agreed no intentional addition of B is permitted and residual B ≤ 0.001% .

Mechanical properties

Pipe Grade Tensile Properties – Pipe Body of SMLS and Welded Pipes PSL 1 Seam of Welded Pipe
Yield Strength a Tensile Strength a Elongation Tensile Strength b
Rt0,5 PSI Min Rm PSI Min (in 2in Af % min) Rm PSI Min
A 30,500 48,600 c 48,600
B 35,500 60,200 c 60,200
X42 42,100 60,200 c 60,200
X46 46,400 63,100 c 63,100
X52 52,200 66,700 c 66,700
X56 56,600 71,100 c 71,100
X60 60,200 75,400 c 75,400
X65 65,300 77,500 c 77,500
X70 70,300 82,700 c 82,700
a. for intermediate grade, the difference between the specified minimum tensile strength and the specified minimum yield for the pipe body shall be as given for the next higher grade.
b. for the intermediate grades, the specified minimum tensile strength for the weld seam shall be the same as determined for the body using foot note a.
c. The specified minimum elongation, Af, expressed in percent and rounded to the nearest percent, shall be determined using the following equation:
Where C is 1 940 for calculation using Si units and 625 000 for calculation using USC units
Axc is the applicable tensile test piece cross-sectional area, expressed in square millimeters (square inches) , as follows
– for circular cross-section test pieces, 130mm2 (0.20 in2) for 12.7 mm (0.500 in) and 8.9 mm (.350 in) diameter test pieces; and 65 mm2 (0.10 in2) for 6.4 mm (0.250in) diameter test pieces.
– for full-section test pieces, the lesser of a) 485 mm2 (0.75 in2) and b) the cross-sectional area of the test piece, derived using the specified outside diameter and the specified wall thickness of the pipe, rounded to the nearest 10 mm2 (0.10in2)
– for strip test pieces, the lesser of a) 485 mm2 (0.75 in2) and b) the cross-sectional area of the test piece, derived using the specified width of the test piece and the specified wall thickness of the pipe, rounded to the nearest 10 mm2 (0.10in2)
U is the specified minimum tensile strength, expressed in megapascals (pounds per square inch)

Pipe Grade Tensile Properties – Pipe Body of SMLS and Welded Pipes PSL 2 Seam of Welded Pipe
Yield Strength a Tensile Strength a Ratio a,c Elongation Tensile Strength d
Rt0,5 PSI Min Rm PSI Min R10,5IRm (in 2in) Rm (psi)
Af %
Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Maximum Minimum Minimum
BR, BN,BQ,BM 35,500 65,300 60,200 95,000 0.93 f 60,200
X42,X42R,X2Q,X42M 42,100 71,800 60,200 95,000 0.93 f 60,200
X46N,X46Q,X46M 46,400 76,100 63,100 95,000 0.93 f 63,100
X52N,X52Q,X52M 52,200 76,900 66,700 110,200 0.93 f 66,700
X56N,X56Q,X56M 56,600 79,000 71,100 110,200 0.93 f 71,100
X60N,X60Q,S60M 60,200 81,900 75,400 110,200 0.93 f 75,400
X65Q,X65M 65,300 87,000 77,600 110,200 0.93 f 76,600
X70Q,X65M 70,300 92,100 82,700 110,200 0.93 f 82,700
X80Q,X80M 80,.500 102,300 90,600 119,700 0.93 f 90,600
a. for intermediate grade, refer to the full API5L specification.
b. for grades > X90 refer to the full API5L specification.
c. This limit applies for pies with D> 12.750 in
d. for intermediate grades, the specified minimum tensile strength for the weld seam shall be the same value as was determined for the pipe body using foot a.
e. for pipe requiring longitudinal testing, the maximum yield strength shall be ≤ 71,800 psi
f. The specified minimum elongation, Af, expressed in percent and rounded to the nearest percent, shall be determined using the following equation:
Where C is 1 940 for calculation using Si units and 625 000 for calculation using USC units
Axc is the applicable tensile test piece cross-sectional area, expressed in square millimeters (square inches) , as follows
– for circular cross-section test pieces, 130mm2 (0.20 in2) for 12.7 mm (0.500 in) and 8.9 mm (.350 in) diameter test pieces; and 65 mm2 (0.10 in2) for 6.4 mm (0.250in) diameter test pieces.
– for full-section test pieces, the lesser of a) 485 mm2 (0.75 in2) and b) the cross-sectional area of the test piece, derived using the specified outside diameter and the specified wall thickness of the pipe, rounded to the nearest 10 mm2 (0.10in2)
– for strip test pieces, the lesser of a) 485 mm2 (0.75 in2) and b) the cross-sectional area of the test piece, derived using the specified width of the test piece and the specified wall thickness of the pipe, rounded to the nearest 10 mm2 (0.10in2)
U is the specified minimum tensile strength, expressed in megapascals (pounds per square inch
g. Lower values fo R10,5IRm may be specified by agreement
h. for grades > x90 refer to the full API5L specification.

Hydrostatic test
Pipe to withstand a hydrostatic test without leakage through the weld seam or the pipe body. Jointers need not be hydrostatic tested provide the pipe sections used were successfully tested.

Bend test
No cracks shall occur in any portion of the test piece and no opening of the weld shall occur.

Flattening test
Acceptance criteria for flattening test shall be:

  • EW pipes D< 12.750 in:
  • X60 with T 500in. There shall be no opening of the weld before the distance between the plates is less than 66% of the original outside diameter. for all grades and wall, 50%.
  • For pipe with a D/t > 10, there shall be no opening of the weld before the distance between the plates is less than 30% of the original outside diameter.
  • For other sizes refer to the full API 5L specification.

CVN impact test for PSL2
Many PSL2 pipe sizes and grades require CVN. Seamless pipe is to be tested in the body. Welded pipe is to be tested in the body, pipe weld and heat-affected zone. Refer to the full API 5L specification for the chart of sizes and grades and required absorbed energy values.

Tolerances: Outside diameter, out of roundness and wall thickness

Specified Outside Diameter D (in) Diameter Tolerance, inches d Out-of-Roundness Tolerance in
Pipe except the end a Pipe end a,b,c Pipe except the End a Pipe End a,b,c
SMLS Pipe Welded Pipe SMLS Pipe Welded Pipe
< 2.375 -0.031 to + 0.016 – 0.031 to + 0.016 0.048 0.036
≥2.375 to 6.625 0.020D for 0.015D for
+/- 0.0075D – 0.016 to + 0.063
By agreement for By agreement for
>6.625 to 24.000 +/- 0.0075D +/- 0.0075D, but max of 0.125 +/- 0.005D, but max of 0.063 0.020D 0.015D
>24 to 56 +/- 0.01D +/- 0.005D but max of 0.160 +/- 0.079 +/- 0.063 0.015D for but max of 0.060 0.01D for but max of 0.500
For For
By agreement By agreement
for for
>56 As agreed
a. The pipe end includes a length of 4 in ate each of the pipe extremities
b. for SMLS pipe the tolerance apply for t≤0.984in and the tolerances for the thicker pipe shall be as agreed
c. for expanded pipe with D≥8.625in and for non-expanded pipe, the diameter tolerance and the out-of-roundness tolerance may be determined using the calculated inside diameter or measured inside diameter rather than the specified OD.
d. for determining compliance to diameter tolerance, the pipe diameter is defined as the circumference of the pipe in any circumferential plane divide by Pi.

Wall thickness Tolerances a
t inches inches
SMLS pipe b
≤ 0.157 -1.2
> 0.157 to < 0.948 + 0.150t / – 0.125t
≥ 0.984 + 0.146 or + 0.1t, whichever is the greater
– 0.120 or – 0.1t, whichever is the greater
Welded pipe c,d
≤ 0.197 +/- 0.020
> 0.197 to < 0.591 +/- 0.1t
≥ 0.591 +/- 0.060
a. If the purchase order specifies a minus tolerance for wall thickness smaller than the applicable value given in this table, the plus tolerance for wall thickness shall be increased by an amount sufficient to maintain the applicable tolerance range.
b. for pipe with D≥ 14.000 in and t≥0.984in, the wall thickness tolerance locally may exceed the plus tolerance for wall thickness by an additional 0.05t provided that the plus tolerance for mass is not exceeded.
c. The plus tolerance for wall thickens does not apply to the weld area
d. See the full API5L spec for full details